Blood Pressure And Pulse Lab Physical Education Essay

origination printing press And shudder Lab visible Education EssayThe purpose of the origin impel and whim laboratory was to examination m both multivariates which could have an effect on farm animal compel and pulse. The variable examened in this lab was the, effectuate of Changes in Posture, the Effects of Exercise, and the Effects of Cognitive melody on Mean Arterial press and meaning Rate.Background line of reasoning is an essential itemor for all sustentation organisms. strain is an important fluid within our bodies which delivers group O, nutrients and essential substances, to cells doneout the corpse. Blood also has the function of transporting versatile wastes materials / products, such as carbon dioxide, from various soulfulnessify cells through the respiratory and excretory organs. The activities performed in the filiation pinch and pulse lab examined the graze at which blood die hards throughout the body, and which factors would all increase or lessen the blood wardrobe, being the squeeze of the blood within the circulatory clay, and pulse pull. Blood flow and blood bosom is gear upd by twain distinct factors. These factors are the force essential to concern the blood through the blood vessel and the amount of fortress of blood flow through the blood vessel. The average normal blood pull in a wakeless unmarried should be around 120/80 BP, but it is strivinged that the blood wedge should tarry a little pull down than this pressure. The forgiving and parasympathetic uneasy system plays an important role in blood pressure and plaza pose. The sympathetic nervous system through the Cardio acceleratory center increases knocker rate in fight or flight situations. While the parasympathetic nervous system engages the cardio inhibitory center to decrease the subject matter rate.The mechanical events of the cardiac cycle are the sequences of events which take place in order for the cheek to work by ri ghts. In the cardiac cycle in that respect are two distinct configurations. These two phases are the diastole phase and the systole phase. In the medical airfield the diastolic pressure and the systolic pressure are measured with the use of a stethoscope and Sphygmomanometer. The measure of pulse pressure refers to the residual between the systolic number (Top) and the diastolic number (Bottom). The normal blood pressure of a healthy individual is 120/80 BP in this instance, the pulse pressure would equal 40mmHg (120 80 = 40mmHg). Blood pressure is constantly fluctuating because of this doctors submit to take an average blood pressure to adequately check for any complications in their parents. The average blood pressure is called the think close to arterial pressure ( play). To begin to calculated the mean arterial pressure one essential first start by calculating the pulse pressure (PP). The neural impulse pressure plunder be calculated by taking the difference between t he systolic pressure (SP) and the diastolic pressure (DP) (PP = SP DP).Using the metre pressure the mean arterial pressure can be calculated. The mean arterial pressure is equal to a third of the pulse pressure summation the diastolic pressure (MAP = DP + (PP*1/3) ).The basic mechanical events of the cardiac cycle can be deduced into four phases. Phase one in the cardiac cycle is referred to as the First Diastole Phase. During the first diastole phase, the atria and heart heart ventricles within the heart are fully relaxed, as the auriculoventricular valves remain open. This allows De-oxygenated blood to flow to the regenerate atrium, from both the superior and inferior vena cavae. The rate in which blood flows back into the heart is given the term Venous glide by (De-oxygenated blood). The muscles incorporated in reckon require a lot of oxygen in order to perform their function, as a result there would be an increase in venous hand over. Blood within the regenerate atrium i s emptied into the right ventricle though the auriculoventricular or Tricuspid valve. At the end of diastole (the loading or filling phase), the amount of blood compile in the right or remaining is referred to as the end-diastolic volume (EDV).The jiffy phase of the cardiac cycle is referred to as the first systolic phase. During this phase the right ventricle receives incoming electrical signals from the purkinje fibers, which are the fibered branches which extend from the Atrioventricular bundle, in the intraventricular sulcus of the heart, and are dispersed from the apex of the heart. The purkinje fibers signal the ventricles to contract, which closes the Atrioventricular valves and forces the semilunar valves to open, pushing de-oxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries function is to check the flow of blood back into the right ventricle. All of the blood is neer fully ejected from the ventricles afterward systole. The amount of blood which remai ns in the ventricle at the end systole is known as end-systolic volume (ESV). The end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic booster to calculate the stroke volume (SV) which is the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle during each beat. The stroke volume can be calculated by taking the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, (SV = EDV ESV). The stroke volume can also be used to calculate the cardiac output, or the rate at which blood is ejected from the heart, (CO = HR x SV).In the second diastolic phase, the semilunar valves are closed and the Atrioventricular valves are opened, as a result oxygenated blood within the pulmonary veins and beings to fill within the remaining atrium. At the comparable time, blood from both vena cavae fills within the right atrium. The mitral valve closes preventing any oxygenated blood from flowing back within the leftover atrium. In the second systolic phase, Atrioventricular valves close and semilunar valves open. same to the first systolic phase, Purkinje fibers send messages to the ventricles signaling them to contract, in which oxygenated blood is wield into the aorta. The aortic semilunar valve prevents any oxygenated blood from wielding directly back into the left ventricle.HypothesisPosture ChangesReclining for 3 legal proceedingIt is evaluate that arterial pressure and pulse rate would most likely decrease when any(prenominal)one is resting the body is controlled by the parasympathetic system which uses the cardio inhibitory center to decrease heart rate. stand up up rapidly after reclining for 3 legal proceedingIt is anticipate that arterial pressure and pulse rate will increase, when the subject is in the stand up(a)(a) position versus when they are laying down their blood has to whip staidness and the heart has to work harder to produce the force necessary to push blood to the upper limbs.Standing at attention for 3 minutesIt is evaluate that arterial pressure will dec rease compare to standing(a) up right away after reclining for 3 minutes, because 3 minutes is a long enough period for the body to adjust to the effects of gravity and to assess the force involve to pump blood to the upper extremities. It is hypothesized that the standing at attention for 3 minutes data will be an intermediate between the reclining test and the standing up quickly after reclining test.ExerciseImmediately after exercisingit is evaluate that arterial pressure and pulse pressure will increase, because muscles involved in the exercise convey more oxygen which will increase the amount of venous return and increase the heart rate and pulse pressure.One, Two, and Three, minutes post exerciseIt is expected that arterial and pulse pressure will decrease compared to nimble testing after exercise. As the individual begins to rest after gruelling exercise the body begins to incorporate the parasympathetic nervous system and through the cardio inhibitor center, it begins to decrease the heart rate.Cognitive StressIt is expected that cognitive tautness will increase the blood pressure slightly, because stress is believed to trigger the sympathetic nervous to increase the heart rate.ProcedureFor Procedures, Refer to Lab 6, activeness 2, in the Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manualselective information ResultsLab Activities Data TablesProper use of the Sphygmomanometer undetermined Brianna Burtonsystolic PressureDiastolic PressurePulse PressureMAPTrial 1one hundred tenmmHg70mmHg80mmHg83.33 mmHgWe were told by the teacher there was no need to perform a trial 2Effect of Postural ChangesSubject Same as aboveBlood PressurePulse RateMAPSitting Quietly (Baseline)110/70 mmHg80 bpm83.33 mmHgReclining (After 2-3 minutes)110/70 mmHg76 beats per minute83.33 mmHgImmediately Upon Standing118/78 mmHg92 BPM91.33 mmHgAfter Standing for 3 Minutes112/72 mmHg85 BPM85.33 mmHgExerciseSubject (Well- givened) Aaron Banks Fitness Index 50Subject (Poorly-Conditioned) Justin Ki m Fitness Index 44BaselineImmediately1 Minute2 Minutes3 Minutes4 minutes5 MinutesWell-Conditioned SubjectBP cxxx/80mmHgBP 132/80mmHgBP 128/70mmHgBP 120/78mmHgBP 110/68mmHgBP 110/72mmHgBP108/72mmHgHR 90 BPMHR 101 BPMHR 103 BPMHR cytosine BPMHR 98 BPMHR 98 BPMHR 87 BPMMAP 96.67 mmHgMAP 97.33 mmHgMAP 89.33 mmHgMAP 92 mmHgMAP86.67 mmHgMAP 84 mmHgMAP 84 mmHgPoorly-Conditioned SubjectBP 122/98 mmHgBP 128/90 mmHgBP 138/86 mmHgBP 120/82 mmHgBP 122/90 mmHgBP 122/90 mmHgBP118/96 mmHgHR 82 BPMHR 120 BPMHR 119 BPMHR 111 BPMHR 110 BPMHR 110 BPMHR 108 BPMMAP 106 mmHgMAP 102.67 mmHgMAP 103.33 mmHgMAP 94.67 mmHgMAP 106.67 mmHgMAP 100.67 mmHgMAP 103.33 mmHgCognitive StressorSubject NikaConditionMax HRMin HRMean HRSystolic BPDiastolic BPPulse PressureMAPBaseline 1100 BPM82 BPM89 BPM134 mmHg91 mmHg43 mmHg105.3 mmHgSpell Forward96 BPM83 BPM91 BPM108 mmHg88 mmHg20 mmHg94.7 mmHgSpell Back112 BPM84 BPM92 BPM111 mmHg89 mmHg29 mmHg96.3 mmHgNumber of misspelled rowing forward = 1Number of misspelled words backward = 3 passwordThe purpose of the blood pressure and pulse lab was to test many variables which could have an effect on blood pressure and pulse. The variables tested in this lab were the, Effects of Changes in Posture, the Effects of Exercise, and the Effects of Cognitive Stress on Mean Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate.In activities the variable being tested is the Effects of Changes in Posture. For the baseline the subject, in this shimmy Brianna, sat quietly as her baseline blood pressure, pulse rate, was tested, and her mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. The results for Briannas blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg, which is about the average blood pressure (120/70 mmHg) in a healthy individual. Her Pulse pressure was 80 beats per minute (BPM). Given these value her baseline MAP, was calculated to be 83.33 mmHg (MAP = 70 + ((110 70))*1/3) ). In the abutting test, the effect of reclining for 2-3 minutes was tested. In this test, after reclining for 2-3 minutes, her b lood pressure, and MAP remained the same as the Baseline test. It was observed that her pulse rate did in fact decrease (80 76 BPM), though it is not known if this decrease in the pulse rate is significant enough. In the hypothesis above it was expected that arterial pressure and pulse rate would most likely decrease when someone is resting because parasympathetic nervous system would begin to signal the body to relax affecting the cardiac centers (CAC deactivated CIC activated). The activation of the cardio inhibitory center decreases the heart rate and pulse pressure.For the undermentioned test the Effect of standing quickly after 3 minutes of reclining was tested. Immediately after standing up, her Blood pressure, Pulse rate and MAP was determined. Her blood pressure was 118/78 mmHg, her Pulse Rate was 92 BPM and her MAP was 91.33 mmHg. The MAP was calculated by using the formula (91.33 mmHg = 78 + ((118-78))*1/3)). During this test Briannas Blood pressure, Pulse Rate and MAP s ignificantly increased, ((BP 110/70 118/78 mmHg) (PR 80 92 BPM) (MAP 83.33 91.33 mmHg) as expected in the hypothesis. In the hypothesis it was expected that arterial pressure and pulse rate would increase, when the subject is in the standing position versus when they are lying down. When Brianna quickly stood up her heart had to cover the effects of gravity the heart has to work harder to produce the force needed to effectively push blood to the upper limbs and the head. Also immediately standing activates the sympathetic nervous system, which activates the CAC increasing heart rate. This hypothesis is accepted, base on her data the blood pressure, pulse rate and MAP did in fact increase when she stood up.Next we tested the Effects after standing for 3 minutes. After standing for 3 minutes Briannas blood pressure was 112/72 mmHg and her pulse rate was 85 BPM. Given these values her MAP for this test was calculated to be 85.33 mmHg (MAP = 72 + (112-72)*1/3). In the hypothesis it is expected that the arterial pressure would have decreased compared to the standing up quickly after reclining for 3 minutes test. It was hypothesized that arterial pressure would decrease because 3 minutes is a long enough period from the body to properly adjust to the effects of gravity and to assess the force needed to pump blood to the upper extremities. As stated in the hypothesis the blood pressure, pulse rate and MAP did in fact decrease based on the standing for 3 minutes test, because of this, the hypothesis can be accepted (BP 110/70 112/72 mmHg) (PR 80 85)) (MAP 83.33 mmHg 85.33)In the next test, we tested the effects of exercise on the Body, comparing a well- knowing mortal and a poor-conditioned person. For the first test a well-conditioned person was chosen. The baseline BP for this individual was around 132/80 mmHg. Immediately after exercise the blood pressure was 132/80 mmHg. This shows that there was an increase of blood pressure dependent on the effects of e xercise. In the hypothesis it is expected that arterial pressure and pulse pressure will, increase, because muscles involved in the exercise also increase the venous return which will increase heart rate. For this test as hypothesized the Heart rate also increased (90 101 BPM). After 5 minutes of resting the blood pressure and Heart of the subject decreased lower than the baseline, indicating some level of human error in reading the equipment effectively. Despite this, it is instal that the blood pressure and pulse rate at 5 minutes was significantly lower from the baseline in the well-conditioned person vs. the poor conditioned person. In the poor conditioned person. Their baseline blood pressure was 122/98 mmHg and after exercising for 5 minutes it was 128/90 mmHg. After 5 minutes the poor conditioned persons blood pressure was 118/96 mmHg. once again in this experiment its hard to compare the two subjects because there seems to be some human errors in effectively checking the blood pressure since it is lower than the baseline. After 5 minutes the well-conditioned persons systolic pressure dropped from 128108 SP despite the diastolic pressure increasing from 70 72 mmHg DP. The fitness index to the well-conditioned person was 50 and 44 for the poor conditioned person. Based on the fitness index both subjects display the poorest physical conditioning possible.For the final test the effects of cognitive stress was tested. Based on this experiments results it is difficult to determine whether or not cognitive stress had any effect on the blood pressure. It was hypothesized that cognitive stress would increase heart rate because stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which increases the heart rate. There seems to be no correlation between cognitive stress and heart rate, so the hypothesis is rejected.